4. How does magnetic water treatment work?

It cracks open some of the water super-molecules, which sets the formerly encaged non-water particles free, making them available as crystallization starting centers.

According to physical laws, "flow rate,'' the interaction between magnetic fields and water molecules, is weak. There would not be any effect on standing water. However, in a magnetic treatment device, the water passes through alternating magnetic fields with a certain speed. All super-molecules vibrate. The ones with a vibration frequency close to the frequency of the magnetic field sequence come into resonance with the magnetic field sequence. This will intensify the internal vibration of these super-molecules to the breaking point. These super-molecules fracture and release their encaged particles.

A freed non-water particle is surrounded by countless calcium carbonate molecules in need of a crystallization center. They stream from all sides to the freed particle and form concentric rings around it. Within a few minutes many rings grow around one another and form a solid disc. These discs are not attached to anything. They flow with the water. The discs contain in solid form the lime which had been dissolved in the water and would otherwise attach to the walls of the container. Compared to untreated water, the hard lime scale in magnetically-treated water has been substantially reduced.

5. Do we have visible evidence for these processes?

Yes, by microscopic observation of water residues.

After 1981 scientific evidence for the processes described in Number 4 was produced. Since 1985 the evidence has been published in scientific and trade journals. (Some of the author's own publications on the subject include: IEEE Transactions on Magnctics, Vol. 21, No.5, September 1985; Room and Zeit (in German and English): Der Wasserspiegel (in German); Aqua, August and September 1993; IBZ (in German).)

Normally, this process becomes visible to the unaided eye only after weeks of water use. However, a high­power microscope detects the starting growth of hard lime scale within it few hours.

Measured drops of water are deposited on microscope glass slides, where they must evaporate undisturbed. When dry, they are investigated under a microscope with polarizing light. Because of their optical properties, the polarizing light makes the crystals of calcium carbonate stand out (Figures 3 - 6).

The spots on the slides occupied by the drops of untreated water (Figure 3 ) reveal their lime content in the form of the typical prismatic crystals of calcium carbonate (''hard crystals"), mainly along the rim of the drop.

The spots on the slides occupied by the drops of water which had been magnetically treated (Fig. 4) are covered with the circular crystal platelets typical seeded crystals.

Figure 3
Untreated water
(Magnified 200 times)

Figure 4
Magnetically treated water
(Magnified 200 times)

Klaus Kronenberg, Ph.D Interview - Links to Pages:

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The Facts - Intro

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Proven Benefits

Magneto-
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Interview of
Klaus Kronenberg, Ph.D

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Magnetized I

Magnetized II

Hard Water History

Endorsement by Nationally Known Nutritionist

Test results by Cranfield School of Sciences, Water Technology (pdf)

Hard Water Damages Your Home

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Federal Technology Alert (pdf)